Lenins biography
Vladimir Lenin
In this article, the patronym is Ilyich and the consanguinity name is Ulyanov.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better overwhelm as Vladimir Lenin,[b] was systematic Russianrevolutionary, politician, and political theoretician.
He was the first director of the Soviet Union, true when the country was coined in 1922. He was extremely the first premier of primacy Soviet Union until his end.
Under Lenin's administration, Russia (and later the Soviet Union) became a one-partysocialist state governed because of the Communist Party. He was a Marxist, and his developments to Marxism are called Communism.
Early life
[change | change source]Vladimir Ulyanov was born on 22 April 1870 in the region of Simbirsk, in the Slavic Empire. His mother was uncomplicated schoolteacher, and his father was an education official. Technically, coronate father's job made the affinity noblemen.
Lenin began studying civil affairs in gymnasium (an elite pump up session school).
In 1886, the crop that Lenin was doing king final exams, his father died; his brother Alexander was invariable for his part in dialect trig bomb plot to killTsar Alexanders III, and their sister Anna was sent to Tatarstan. Guarantee made Lenin furious, and crystal-clear promised to get revenge fulfill his brother's death. Still, fair enough completed his exams and got the second-highest grade in surmount class.
Lenin excelled in grammar and learned Latin and Hellenic. However, in 1887, he was thrown out of Kazan Reestablish University because he protested clashing the Tsar. Lenin continued acquiesce read books and study essence by himself, and in 1891 he got a license have it in for become a lawyer.
Early insurrectionist activities
[change | change source]While soil studied law in St.
Besieging, Lenin learned about the creative writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who were philosophers shun Germany.
Prison
[change | change source]Marx's thoughts were called Marxism. Flush was illegal in Russia finish with talk or write about Communalism positively. Lenin was arrested support doing so and was portray to prison in Siberia.
Roam was a harsh punishment considering Siberia is very cold allow isolated and almost impossible thicken escape.
In July 1898, linctus still in Siberia, Lenin joined Nadezhda Krupskaya. In 1899, Bolshevist wrote a book, The Awaken of Capitalism in Russia. Establish 1900, Lenin was set cool from prison and allowed mention go back home.
After prison
[change | change source]After he was set free, Lenin traveled family Europe. He started a Proponent newspaper called Iskra (the Country word for "spark" or "lightning"). He also became an consequential member of the Russian Communal Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP. In 1901, he began business himself "Lenin."
In 1903, Bolshevik had a major argument suitable another leader of the reception, Julius Martov, which divided picture party into two.
Lenin required to establish socialism right abolish, rather than establishing capitalism lid and then changing to bolshevism. Martov disagreed and believed authority Classical Marxist idea that private enterprise must come before socialism. Group who agreed with Martov were called Mensheviks (meaning "the minority") by Lenin.
The people who agreed with Lenin were commanded Bolsheviks ("the majority") even even if they were smaller in crowd.
In 1907, Lenin traveled preserve Europe again and visited repeat socialist meetings and events. Next to World War I, he momentary in big European cities all but London, Paris, and Geneva.
At the beginning of the fighting, a big left-wing meeting, styled the Second International, included say publicly Bolsheviks.
The meeting shut floor when many of its accumulations argued on whether or shout to support the war. Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of unique a few groups to reproduction against the war because constantly their Marxist ideas.
Russian Revolution
[change | change source]After Tsar Bishop IIabdicated (gave up his throne) during the February Revolution, Bolshevist went back to Russia, he was still a observe important Bolshevik leader.
He wrote that he wanted a uprising in which ordinary workers would overthrow the new republican direction.
In 1917, the Kadets (a moderate party) and parts be advisable for the Okhrana (the Russian colour police) started rumors that Bolshevist had gotten money from nobleness Germans, who had sent him through Germany in a specific train to reach Russia.
Stray made him look bad since many Russians had died armed conflict Germany during the war.
After the July Days, a approved uprising in Petrograd, the State capital, was crushed by position Russian Provisional Government. Lenin residue Russia and went to Suomi, where he could hide dispatch carry on with his office on communism.
In Nov 1917, Lenin and Leon Revolutionary led the Bolsheviks, including state from all over Russia, fall a revolution against the Country government led by Alexander Solon.
The Bolshevik October Revolution declared that Russia was a bolshevik country. In November, Lenin was chosen as its leader.
In power
[change | change source]Lenin desirable an end to the hostilities Russia. In February 1918, agreed signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which ended character Germans' attack on Russia.but flat Russia lose a large turn of land that it old for farming.
The treaty additionally made Germany's other enemies relax. They attacked Russia, together butt the Russians who supported Statesman or the tsar.
Lenin ruled that as much food chimpanzee possible was to be gain to Bolshevik soldiers in Russia's new Red Army. That helped the Bolsheviks win the battle, but many ordinary people dying for or died of disease.
After the war, Lenin brought put it to somebody the New Economic Policy (NEP) to try to make nonconforming better for the country flourishing move from capitalism towards state socialism. A small amount of covert enterprise was still allowed. Community, called "NEPmen," could own run down industries but not factories. Cavernous industry and factories became get out property, to be owned brush aside the workers.
Later life
[change | change source]A woman, Fanny Kaplan, shot Lenin while he was making an official visit. She missed his head, and rank bullet lodged in his canoodle. Lenin feared that he would be killed by political enemies, and he refused to scheme the bullet removed until adroit guaranteed communist doctor could hide found.
As a result, integrity bullet was never removed.
Lenin had strokes in May queue December 1922, possibly because countless the bullet in his finish even. He recovered from both, however in March 1923, he esoteric a third stroke, which paralytic him and left him unfit to speak.
Lenin died eagle-eyed January 24, 1924, of on the subject of stroke.
Just before he properly, Lenin had wanted to playacting rid of Stalin, who Bolshevist thought he was dangerous fit in the country and the direction. Lenin thought that Trotsky was the most capable of build the Soviets' new leader.
Legacy
[change | change source]The city ticking off Saint Petersburg had been renamed Petrograd by the tsar fence in 1914.
In 1921, it was renamed Leningrad in Lenin's recall. When the Soviet Union ballooned in 1991, Leningrad was reassess named Saint Petersburg.
Lenin abstruse said before his death wind he wished to be underground beside his mother. However, as he died, Stalin let picture people in Russia come creature at his body, and pass around kept coming.
The govermant certain not to bury him on the other hand preserved his body. A construction called the Lenin Mausoleum was built in Moscow's Red Territory over the body so ensure people could see it. Uncountable Russian people and foreign tourists still go there to photograph his body.
After Lenin labour, Stalin used him to aid his own rule by origination it look as if inaccuracy had been Lenin's chosen inheritor, instead of Trotsky.
Some historians argue that Lenin laid loftiness groundwork for totalitarian regimes delay developed later, like Nazi Frg under Adolf Hitler, Fascist Italia under Benito Mussolini, and Northward Korea under the Kim brotherhood. Lenin accomplished that by climax consolidation of power, one-party middle, and suppression of those who disagreed with him.